-General concept of disease, etiology and pathogenesis. Intrinsic and extrinsic causes of disease. Pathology caused by physical (heat, radiation), chemicals (acids and bases) and biological (pathogens) agents.
- Cellular responses to microenvironment change: cellular adaptation, cell death (necrosis and apoptosis)
-Inflammation: acute and chronic inflammation; Granulomas, systemic phenomena of inflammation.
-Healing of tissue lesions: regeneration and repair.
- Immunology and immunopathology of the oral cavity: the organization of the immune system. Natural and acquired immunity: mechanisms of humoral and cellular immunity (antibodies, antigens of the major histocompatibility complex, complement).
Immunopathological reactions: hypersensitivity and autoimmunity
-Oncology: Characteristics of benign and malignant tumor. Definition of oncogenes, and oncosuppressor genes. Chemical carcinogenesis: carcinogens and their cellular interaction, stages of carcinogenesis.Tumor growth biology: growth and differentiation, angiogenesis, progression, invasive growth and metastasis.