BIOCHEMISTRY AND APPLIED BIOLOGY

Integrated educational activity

Course Sheet

Course code:

TRM11A2

Academic Year of enrolment:

2020

Year of supply:

2020/2021

Degree:

Course of 1st Cycle Degree in IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUES

Moduls:

APPLIED BIOLOGY - 2 credits
BIOCHEMISTRY - 1 credits
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - 2 credits
HISTOLOGY - 1 credits

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Cycle:

First semester

Hours of classroom activity:

Prerequisites:

Basic knowledge of inorganic and organic general chemistry

In order to better understand the topics, students should have understood the fundamental notions of physics (osmosis, oncotic pressure, .), chemistry and fundamental notions of biochemistry (pH, chemicals bonds, type of ions and molecules), Biology and Genetic (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, glucides; enzymes; cell and cellular organelles,.)

Objectives

The integrated course aims to educate "to the critical method" and to the discussion through the description of experiments; acquisition of the knowledge of the fundamental biological structures at the different levels of organization of living matter and of the general unitary principles that govern the functioning of the different biological units in their energetic and informational logic.-know the early stages of human development, the embryological origin tissue, the meaning of stem cell, cell differentiation, know the morphology of cells and tissues closely related to the function, understand the structural organization at the microscopic level of the human body, (the basis of anatomy and physiological and pathological processes, to whom the professional intervention is addressed. Learning of the basic metabolisms of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.This knowledge is preparatory for the purpose of a correct interpretation of the results of the basic biochemical-clinical analyzes.

Contents

Module of Applied Biology CFU 2 teacher Prof. Lorenza Speranza
The chemistry of life, cellular organization, biological membrane, cellular communication, energy and metabolism chromosomes, mitoosis and meiosis, DNA, gene expression, gene regulation, bacteria virus, reproduction

Module of Biochemistry , CFU 2 Professor Prof. Antonio Aceto
Structure and classification of carbohydrates lipids and proteins. Interaction of radiation with biological macromolecules

Module of ISTOLOGY CFU 1 Prof.ssa Silvia Sancilio
Embryological derivation, microscopic structure and functional correlations of human tissues.

Module of CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY CFU 1 professor Prof. Antonio Aceto
Description of metabolisms. basic Principal analysis of clinical biochemistry

Extended Syllabus

Applied Biology
The chemistry of life:
- Atoms and carbon molecules
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids
The organization of the cell:
- Cell theory
- The organization and size of the cell
- Cell study methods
- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- The cell nucleus
- The cytoplasmic organelles provided with a membrane
- The cytoskeleton
- Cellular coatings

Biological membranes:
- The structure of biological membranes
- The passage of materials through biological membranes
- Passive transport
- Active transport
- Exocytosis and endocytosis
- Cellular junctions

Cell communication:
- Cellular signaling: an overview
- Sending signals
- Reception
- Signal transduction
- Responses to signals
- The evolution of cellular communication
The processes of aerobiosis and cellular anaerobiosis:
- Redox reaction
- The four stages of aerobic respiration
- The energy yield of nutrients other than glucose
- Anaerobic respiration and fermentation

The structure of the chromosomes and the processes of mitosis and meiosis:
- Eukaryotic chromosomes
- The cell cycle and mitosis
- Cell cycle regulation
- Sexual reproduction and meiosis

DNA structure and replication:
- Evidence showing that DNA is the hereditary material
- The structure of DNA
- DNA replication
The gene expression:
- The discovery of the gene-protein relationship
- Information flow from DNA to proteins: an overview
- The transcription
- Translation
- Variation of gene expression in different organisms
- The concept of mutation
The mechanisms of gene regulation:
- Gene regulation in bacteria and eukaryotes: an overview
- Gene regulation in bacteria
- Gene regulation in eukaryotic cells

Viruses and subviral agents:
- Status and structure of viruses
- Virus classification
- Viral replication
-Viruses and diseases
- Virus evolution
- Subviral agents

Biochemistry program
Recalls of carbon chemistry. Structure and classification of hydrocarbons. Functional groups and carbon oxidation: simple functions and complex oxygen functions. Structure and classification of biological macromolecules. Amino acids. Peptide bond. Primary structure of proteins. Secondary structure, alpha helix and beta sheet. Tertiary structure and quaternary structure. Myoglobin and Hemoglobin.
Glucidi-glycosidic bond. Ketose monosaccharides and aldose disaccharides and polysaccharides. Glycogen, starch and cellulose.
Lipids. Properties of fatty acids. Reserve lipids, structure of triacylglycerols. Membrane lipids, phospholipids and glycolipids. Cholesterol and steroid hormones.
Enzymes as biological catalysts. Arrhenius theory. Kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax. Competitive, non-competitive and acompetitive inhibitors.
Spectroscopy of macromolecules. Chromophore groups of macromolecules and light absorption. Lambert and Beer. General principles of fluorescence. Diagram of Jablonski. Intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence. Blue-shift and red-shift. Principles of phosphorescence.

BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY
Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. Basic metabolism: glycolysis, citric acid cycle. oxidation of fatty acids, beta oxidation and ketone bodies. Oxidation of amino acids and urea cycle. Oxidative phosphorylation. Biosynthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids Transport of the metabolites in the blood.
ESSENTIAL CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Water balance and salts. Disorders of renal function. Urine analysis. Blood tests. Hemochromocytometric examination Metabolic and respiratory acid-base disorders. Oxygen transport. Exams of liver function. Myoglobin / Hemoglobin. Blood sugar and glycemic index of nutrients. Glucose metabolism and diabetes mellitus. Ketoacidosis. Main metabolism of the red blood cell.
Biochemical-clinical analysis and specificity of enzymatic assays. Reference intervals and interpretation of result

Embryonic tissues derivation.- Cellular differentiation and tissue regeneration.- Stem cell.- Epithelial Tissue: covering epithelial tissue, glandular epithelium (exocrine, endocrine).- Connective Tissue: Proper Connective Tissue, Adipose Tissue, Support Connective Tissue (Cartilage and Bone), Blood and haemopoiesis.- Muscle Tissue: striated muscular tissue (Skeletal and Cardiac), Smooth muscular tissue.- Nervous Tissue

Recommended Bibliography

Solomon et al, Fondamenti di Biologia, EdiSeS Editor, VII edition Napoli

Introduction to Lehninger biochemistry. Ed. Zanichelli

Clinical Biochemistry - M. Lo Bello, L: Rossi;

Students can choose one among the following books:Di Pietro ELEMENTI DI ISTOLOGIA Ed. EdiSES
Stevens A, Lowe J.-ISTOLOGIA UMANA Ed. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
Junqueira –Carneiro COMPENDIO DI ISTOLOGIA Ed. Piccin

Teaching Methods

Each module of the integrated course includes frontal lessons

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

The evaluation of the student for each module includes an oral exam, which will serve to demonstrate the knowledge of the program carried out, the logic followed by the student in the resolution of the queries posed and the adequacy of the language, at the end a vote will be attributed expressed in thirtieths

Contacts/More Information

Prof. Speranza Lorenza: University G. D'Annunzio, Tel. +39 0871-3554550 email: lorenza.speranza@unich.it
the teacher receives by telephone appointment

Student receiving:Tuesday and Thursday from 14.30 up to 16.30 at the sezione di Biomorfologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell’Invecchiamento, Palazzina D livello 1, Università G. d’Annunzio Tel. 0871 3554513
e-mail: s.sancilio@unich.it

The professor Aceto receives an appointment
tel. 0871-3554733
email: antonio.aceto@unich.it

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree