FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Integrated educational activity

Course Sheet

Course code:

INF12A4

Academic Year of enrolment:

2021

Year of supply:

2021/2022

Degree:

Course of 1st Cycle Degree in NURSING

Moduls:

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY - 3 credits
BIOCHEMISTRY - 2 credits
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - 1 credits

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Cycle:

Second semester

Obligatory attendance:

Yes

Hours of classroom activity:

Prerequisites:

In order to be able to take the Physiology exam, it is necessary to have taken the examinations of the first semester of the first year of the course and have acquired the signatures of compulsory attendance.

Objectives

To acquire to the student the basic knowledge of the laws of chemistry and of the properties of the main inorganic and organic compounds of biological interest; know and understand the relationship between structure and function of macromolecules of biological-medical relevance; know the most important human biochemical processes and their regulation.
To acquire: the knowledge of the physiological mechanisms of the vital processes at the cellular level, of excitable tissues and of the different organs and systems of the human body and the understanding of the functioning of the different organs and systems and of the general mechanisms of homeostatic control under normal conditions and adaptation .

Contents

Definition of Homeostasis. Cell membrane and transport. Electrophysiology. Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nerve System. Motor Nervous System and Sensory Systems. Muscular System. Hypothalamus and Autonomous Nervous System. Cardiocirculatory system. Blood. Respiratory System. Temperature control. Physiology of body fluids. Renal function. Gastrointestinal system. Endocrine system.

Extended Syllabus

Hours provided: 45.
Cellular physiology. Chemical-physical characteristics of the cell membrane; permeability; Passive and active transport mechanisms. Homeostasis. Definition of the concept of stability of the internal medium and regulations. Electrophysiology. Excitable tissues, excitability; Membrane potentials (rest and action); Conduction and transmission of the electrical signal; Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, receptor mechanisms; Chemical and electrical synapses; Central synapse and neuromuscular synapse. Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nerve System. Motor Nervous System and Sensory Systems. Sensomotor integration. The elements of the motor system; Motoneuroni and muscles; Control of movement and posture: the spinal cord; The trunk of the brain; The cerebral cortex; The basal ganglia; The cerebellum; Associative areas of the cerebral cortex. Integrative functions of the central nervous system. Sensory information, sensory information perception; Sensory receptors and organization of the somesthesic system; Muscular System. Contractile and mechanical properties of skeletal and smooth muscle fibers; Excitation-shortening-relaxation cycle in skeletal and smooth muscle. Mechanism of muscle contraction; Muscle metabolism; Hypothalamus and Autonomous Nervous System. Hypothalamic functions and hypothalamic reflex centers. Overview of anatomy, neurotransmitters and functions of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System; Visceral reflexes and their integrating centers.

Cardiocirculatory system. Anatomical and physiological features of the heart muscle; Excitable tissues of the heart. Excitability, automatism, rhythmicity, conductivity, contractility. Pacemaker cells and conduction system: electrical properties; ECG; Working myocardium: electrical and mechanical properties; Contractability and its regulation; Cardiac metabolism; Law of all or nothing; Maestrini's Law - Frank - Starling; Laplace's law; Cardiac cycle; Cardiac output: measurement and regulation; Venous return; Arterial pressure: reflex and humoral measurement and regulation, short-term and long-term; Vascular compliance. Arterial pulse concept; Viscosity of the blood, laminar and turbulent motion. Law of hemodynamics: Poiseuille's law. Adaptation to physical exercise; Notes on district circles and microcirculation.
Blood: Blood components and functions: transport, immunity, hemostasis and homeostasis; Chemical-physical characteristics; Blood buffer systems and acid-base balance.
Respiratory System. Pulmonary and alveolar ventilation; Respiratory mechanics; definition of pulmonary and thoracopulmonary compliance; Volumes and lung capacity; Notes on pulmonary circulation; Ventilation-perfusion ratio; Exchange and transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide; Respiratory adaptations; Chemical regulation of ventilation: central and peripheral chemioceptors; Nerve regulation; Hypoxia; Hypercapnia.
Temperature control. Hypothalamic centers of body temperature control; Metabolic and mechanical thermogenesis; heat dispersion; Behavioral adaptations.
Physiology of Body Fluids. Indoor environment and its regulation.
Renal function. Hydro-electrolyte balance: nervous and hormonal control of the volume and electrolyte composition of body fluids: ADH and SRAA; Thirst control; The properties of the kidney: filtration, transport, secretion, reabsorption and excretion; Definition of renal clearance; Osmolar clearance and free water clearance. Concentration and dilution of urine; Endocrine function of the kidney; Renal control of acid-base balance.
Gastrointestinal system. Intestinal secretions; Nerve regulation, intrinsic and extrinsic, and hormonal of the digestive functions; Properties: motility, digestion, secretion and absorption of nutritive principles; Functions of the liver and pancreas.
Endocrine system. Neuroendocrine and endocrine glands; Negative feeback; Hypothalamus and Pituitary Axis: hormones and biological effects; Thyroid: hormones and biological effects; Surrene: hormones and biological effects; Parathyroids: hormones and biological effects; Pancreas: hormones and biological effects; Hormones and metabolism; Ovary: ovarian and menstrual cycle.

Recommended Bibliography

Recommended readings:
BELFIORE ET AL. “ FISIOLOGIA UMANA- FONDAMENTI” - EDI ERMES EDITORE

STANFIELD - “FISIOLOGIA” – EDISES

BERNE E LEVY - FISIOLOGIA CASA EDITRICE AMBROSIANA

Teaching Methods

Lectures with power point presentations.

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

The exam method is an oral test designed to verify the results of the expected learning, in accordance with the educational and specific objectives of the course. The oral examination is placed at the end of the course, after having achieved the attendance to the same, according to a schedule established and published on the personal page of the student at the beginning of the academic year, which provides (2) two appeals for canonical session exam. For the off-course courses, additional ad hoc appeals are planned. The outcome of the test is evaluated as the result of learning the specific and training objectives, such as knowledge and understanding, capacity for logical integration and application. At the end of the test each teacher will form an opinion expressed in bands of vote and thirty:
A) excellent knowledge and understanding of the subjects, ability to reason and logical integration of the acquired knowledge and insertion in the context of an application in the pathophysiology. Rating: 30/30. If the student, who has achieved this evaluation, demonstrates autonomy of judgment, high communication skills and autonomous learning skills, praise will be proposed. B) Good knowledge and understanding of the topics with some non-serious inaccuracies and with a good capacity for logical integration and judgment, and application in the pathophysiology rating: 27-29 / ) Discrete knowledge and understanding of the topics and, despite some gaps in the ability to integrate and apply knowledge. Rating: 24-26 / 30 D) Knowledge and understanding of the arguments fully sufficient, although there are clear gaps, which are reflected in a reduced capacity for integration, logic and application. Rating 21-23 / 30 E) Knowledge and understanding of the topics with serious and evident gaps, with limited integrative and applicative skills, but which also allow the passing of the exam. Rating 18-20 / 30

Contacts/More Information

Student reception hours: Monday 10.00am - 1.00pm (Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Imaging – Sezione di Scienze Mediche di base e applicate - Nuovo Polo Didattico)

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree