1. Introduction to mineralogy and petrography: formation of chemical elements in supernovae; birth of the solar system and the Earth; Earth's accretion; Earth's internal structure; planetary cooling and plate tectonics; plate tectonics and rock formation.
2. Solid Earth materials: definition of mineral; how minerals are classified; the name of minerals; what is a crystal; the crystalline state; what is a rock; how rocks are formed.
3. How minerals are identified: habit; state of aggregation; colour and lustre; flaking; hardness; specific gravity; magnetism, acid solubility, radioactivity; instrumental methods for mineral characterisation.
4. The minerals of igneous rocks: the chemical elements of the Earth's crust, minerals and rocks; calculation of mineral formulae: ternary diagrams; systematic description of the most abundant minerals of igneous rocks; felsic and mafic minerals.
5. Direction and speed of natural processes, introduction to kinetics and thermodynamics: basic thermodynamic terms; heat, work and first law of thermodynamics; entropy and second and third laws of thermodynamics; Gibbs free energy; variation of Gibbs free energy as a function of T and P; variation of Gibbs free energy as a function of composition; thermodynamic equilibrium; thermodynamic phase diagram, multi-component phase diagrams; speed of geological processes; radioactive decay;
6. Formation of igneous rocks: how and why a rock melts; the three main causes of mantle melting and their tectonic context; effect of pressure on melting; physical properties of magma; magma ascent; solidification of magma in the crust; evolution of Earth's isotopic reservoirs and origin of magmas.
7. Igneous rocks: emplacement, classification and tectonic significance: why a classification of igneous rocks is necessary; emplacement of igneous rocks; IUGS classification of igneous rocks; igneous rocks and their tectonic context; special association of Precambrian rocks.
8. Classification of igneous rocks: fashioning and norm; CIPW calculation; IUGS classification criteria and terminology (Textures, fashioning and chemism); R1-R2 diagram.
9. Magmatogenesis: core and mantle process, partial melting, ascent and differentiation of magmatic liquids and fluids.
10. Petrogenesis: compositional variation of comagmatic associations; phase equilibria in igneous granitic and basaltic systems; fractional crystallisation; convection, accumulation, immiscibility, mixing and commingling.
11. Petrotectonic associations, techtopetrogenesis, magmatogenetic processes and geodynamics: convergent plates, MORB, intraplate, continental rifts, LIPSs, cratonic, etc.
12. Notions of depositology: minerogenesis, deposit types, critical metals, uses
13. Minerals of metamorphic rocks: systematic description of minerals common in metamorphic rocks
14. Metamorphic transformations: metamorphic grade and facies; texture of metamorphic rocks; classification of metamorphic rocks; metamorphism of pelites; metamorphism of carbonate rocks; migmatisation; geothermometers and geobarometers; tectonic significance of metamorphism
15. Minerals of economic interest: critical metals; precious metals; construction materials; energy resources.
