General concept of health, disease and homeostasis. Intrinsic and
extrinsic pathogenic factors. The environment as a cause of illness:
pathology from physical, chemical and biological agents. Radiation
disorders, immediate and late effects; electric currents, high and low
temperatures: heat stroke, burns; freezing. Trauma disorders.
-Cellular adaptation: hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, aplasia,
hypoplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, anaplasia.Cell death. Apoptosis.
Characteristics and phases of necrosis. Types of coagulative necrosis,
colliquative, caseous, fibrinoid).
-Inflammation. Angioflogosis: phases and evolution (vascular changes,
cellular events, chemical mediators). Exudate. Histoflogosis: phases and
evolution. Granulomas. Systemic manifestations of inflammation.
Regeneration, repair (granulation tissue, scar tissue) and wound healing.
-Immunology and Immunopathology. Non-specific and specific immunity.
Mechanisms of the humoral and cell-mediated response (antibodies,
antigens of the major histocompatibility complex, complement).
Hypersensitivity reactions of type I, II, III and IV and related diseases.
-Oncology. Characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms.
Classification criteria for neoplasms. Definition of oncogenes and tumor
suppressor genes. Tumor growth biology: cell differentiation, tumor
progression, invasiveness and metastasis.
Environmental carcinogenesis. Starting and promoting agents. Phases of
carcinogenesis.