APPLIED GEOPHYSICS

Single discipline educational activity

Course Sheet

Course code:

GE106

Academic Year of enrolment:

2023

Year of supply:

2023/2024

Type of Course:

Characterising

Degree:

Course of 2nd Cycle Degree in GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES OF EARTH AND PLANETS

Disciplinary Sector:

Applied Geophysics

Language:

Italian

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Professor and Collaborators:

BIGNARDI SAMUEL

Cycle:

First semester

Hours of classroom activity:

Individual study hours:

Prerequisites:

Can solve one-dimensional integrals, linear equations, and systems of equations.
Knowledge of partial derivatives.

Objectives

Learn how physical concepts and phenomena are leveraged to probe the subsurface in a non-invasive way. Understand the theory and practical application of established geophysical methods, including instrumentation, data acquisition, data processing, and data inversion; and the way these methods have been used for the exploration of our planet. Learn how the former methods have evolved and adapted for the exploration of other celestial bodies.

Contents

This course comprises the mathematical basis, procedures, field
application, and instruments used by non-invasive geophysical methods.

Topics:
Structure, Terminology, and workflow of geophysical methods; Gravity: Laws of gravitation; Earth gravity models; Spheroid and Geoid; Gravity measurements and Instrumentation; Correction to gravity
measurements and gravity anomaly; The meaning of gravity anomaly; Isostasy; Interpretation of Gravimetric Maps; Gravity anomaly from bodies of irregular shape; Deploy of a gravimetric survey;

Magnetism: Basic physical laws. Magnetic properties and behavior of solids. Magnetic Hysteresis; Residual Magnetization; Magnetic field from a dipole; The Earth magnetic field. Variations of the Earth's magnetic field; Paleomagnetism; Magnetic measurement methods and Instrumentation; Sources of noise; Examples of magnetic surveys; Origins of the Earth's magnetic field;

Electro-Magnetic Methods: Maxwell Equations; Low-Frequency E. M. methods; Time Domain Electromagnetics; Inversion Methods; High-Frequency E. M. Methods (Ground Penetrating Radar);
Electric Resistivity Methods: Basic principles; Vertical Electrical Soundings; Electrical Resistivity Tomography; Induced Polarization and Spectral Induced Polarization; Self-Potential;

Seismic Methods: Theory of Elasticity in a Continuum. Stress-Strain relation; Classification of seismic waves; Energy loss and Spherical divergence; Seismic waves reflection and refraction laws; Head Waves; “Dromocrone” of reflected and refracted waves. Surface waves; Seismic Reflection Method; Seismic refraction Method; Surface waves methods: SPAC, SASW; MASW; SPAC; ESAC; Re.Mi; HVSR;

Fourier Series and Fourier Transform Theory: Theory; Multy-dimensional Fourier Transforms; Convolution and Correlation; Signal sampling and aliasing. Examples; Data Inversion Theory: Introduction; Linear inversion; Multi-Parametric Regression; Stochastic global Inversion methods; Local Inversion Methods; Ill-posed problems and Tickhonov regularization; Gauss-
Newtom method; Non-linear inversion; Occam’s Method.

Extended Syllabus

Structure, Terminology, and workflow of geophysical methods; Gravity: Laws of gravitation; Earth gravity models; Spheroid and Geoid; Gravity measurements and Instrumentation; Correction to gravity
measurements and gravity anomaly; The meaning of gravity anomaly; Isostasy; Interpretation of Gravimetric Maps; Gravity anomaly from bodies of irregular shape; Deploy of a gravimetric survey;

Fourier Series and Fourier Transform Theory: Theory; Multy-dimensional Fourier Transforms; Convolution and Correlation; Signal sampling and aliasing. Examples; Data Inversion Theory: Introduction; Linear inversion; Multi-Parametric Regression; Stochastic global Inversion methods; Local Inversion Methods; Ill-posed problems and Tickhonov regularization; Gauss-Newtom method; Non-linear inversion; Occam’s Method.

Recommended Bibliography

Lezioni di geofisica applicata, di G. Santarato, N. Abu Zeid, e S. Bignardi
editore Libreriauniversitaria.it, ISBN-10 : 8862926405, ISBN-13 : 978-
8862926409

Alternatively, the following books can be used

* Fundamentals Of Geophysics, by William Lowrie, editor: Cambridge
University Press. ISBN-13 978-0-511-35447-2; ISBN-10 0-511-35447-9

* An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics, By John M.
Reynolds; editor John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; ISBN 978-0-471-48535-3
(hardback); 978-0-471-485360 (paperback)

Teaching Methods

Frontal lessons; Demonstration of examples with simulated data; Real data visualization and processing using open-source software; Examples of field acquisition (if instrumentation is available).

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

The exam will consist of an oral interview which will focus on verifying knowledge of the criteria, tools, and geophysical techniques illustrated during the course. Evaluation will be expressed as a fraction of 30.

Contacts/More Information

Office hours will be decided after the beginning of the course. Students may request to schedule an appointment outside the official office hours by contacting the teacher by email.

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree