ELEMENTS OF FIRST AID What to do and what not to do?. Urgency vs emergency. Aid goals. Urgency classification (codes: red, yellow, green, white). The triangle of life (consciousness, breath, circle). Legal considerations in rescue: civil liability art. 2034 CC, criminal liability. Some crimes in rescue: art 348 CP, art. 589 CP, art. 590 Criminal Code, art. 593 CP, art. 605 Criminal Code, art. 614 CP, art. 622 CP. Pollution of evidence during rescue.
ORTHOPEDIC EMERGENCIES Outline of anatomy and physiology. Limb fractures: classification (closed, open), treatment. Stop a bleeding. Dressing. Particular fractures (signs and symptoms, first aid), : ribs, spine, pelvis, femur. Immobilization of the limbs with makeshift means. Joint injuries (signs and symptoms, first aid): sprains, dislocations, Muscle injuries (signs and symptoms, first aid): bruises, muscle tears.
VITAL PARAMETERS AND SCORE Vital Vestments. What are? Body Temperature: measurement locations, devices, measurement scales, ranges. Heart Rate: detect pulse, rate changes, rhythm, pulse quality, detection locations, methods. Arterial pressure: alterations, methods, tools, technique. Respiratory frequency: characteristics and symptoms. Score. Pain: NRS, VAS, Face Scale. Score for time dependent pathologies: AVPU, Chest Pain Score, Glasgow Coma Scale, Cincinnati prehospital stroke scale, Revised Trauma Score. Practical laboratory with exercise on the detection of vital signs.
OUTLINE OF INTRAMUSCULAR AND SUBCUTANEOUS THERAPY Intramuscular injections: material preparation, solvent solute dilution, injection sites with relative procedure, procedure variation: "Z" technique, complications. Subcutaneous injection: general rules, material preparation, injection sites with relative procedure, insulin and heparin injection sites. Practical laboratory with exercise on dummy of both injections.