BIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Integrated educational activity

Course Sheet

Course code:

ASS11A2

Academic Year of enrolment:

2022

Year of supply:

2022/2023

Degree:

Course of 1st Cycle Degree in HEALTH ASSISTANCE

Language:

Italian

Moduls:

HUMAN ANATOMY - 2 credits
APPLIED BIOLOGY - 2 credits
HISTOLOGY - 1 credits

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Cycle:

First semester

Hours of classroom activity:

Prerequisites:

To have completed the Additional Formation Offer (OFA) if indicated.

Objectives

Human Anatomy
At the end of the course the student must have acquired a three-dimensional representation of the human body, and in its surface characteristics, and in its internal organization. The approach will be mainly of a systematic type, that is, based on the study of the individual systems and systems into which the human body can be divided and therefore of the organs and viscera that make up said systems and apparatuses. At the same time, the student will be provided with the basic notions for a topographical study of Human Anatomy, taking into account the large regions of the body in order to better evaluate the relationships between organs, viscera and connective devices in each territory. Organs and viscera will be considered in their macroscopic and microscopic structural characteristics as they appear after dissection of the corpse, after radiological examination and after observation of sections processed for optical microscopy. When necessary, ultrastructural aspects will also be taken into consideration. The acquisitions will finally be integrated with elements of functional anatomy and clinical anatomy to avoid a too sectorial view of the subject.
Applied Biology
a) Educating the student in the "critical method" and in the discussion through the description of experiments, heritage of the history of biology and genetics.
b) To provide the student with a harmonious and "antidogmatic" vision of living beings, in which the common morphofunctional characteristics, their interactions and complementarities are outlined, from viruses to humans.
c) Introduce the student to the techniques of biology and genetics, currently used in the clinic, molecular diagnostics and forensic medicine.
Histology
the acquisition of the basic information required to understand:
-human embryonic derivation, the concept of stem cell and differentiation;
-the knowledge of morpho-functional bases necessary to understand the microscopic organization of the different human tissues at cellular and subcellular level.

Contents

Human Anatomy
Starting from the INTRODUCTION TO SPLANCNOLOGY, the module deals with the study of the apparatuses and systems that make up the human body, with attention to the localization and relationships that the organs that make it take between them and with the surrounding structures hinting their functions.
Applied Biology
1. Basic characteristics of living matter. In particular, to be able to describe:
- the general characteristics of the various living organisms
- the need for the existence of a flow of intracellular information between cells and between multicellular individuals.
-the theory of evolution as a unifying concept of biology.
- the importance in the biology of the hierarchical organization (classification system)
- the need for a continuous supply of energy in biological systems.
- the importance of acquiring a scientific method.
2. Basic characteristics of atoms and molecules that form the basis of the chemistry of life. In particular, to be able to describe:
- the structure of atoms, of the molecules and their respective ability to interact (chemical bonds and molecular interactions).
- the importance of water for carrying out vital functions.
-the chemical-physical and biological properties of organic macromolecules: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids.
3. Basic features of cellular organization. In particular, to be able to describe:
- the importance of cell theory.
- how to study the cellular structure.
-the differences and similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- structure and function of cell organelles.
- structure and function of the cytoskeleton.
-structure and function of the extracellular matrix.
4. Basic features of biological membranes. In particular, to be able to describe:
- the structure and functions that regulate the interaction between cells.
- passive and active transport mechanisms.
-the role and the various forms of junctions between cells.
5. Fundamental characteristics of the flow of energy through living organisms. In particular, to be able to describe:
- the principles of thermodynamics applied to biological systems.
- the structure and functions of enzymes.
- anabolic and catabolic reactions.
- energy transfer: redox reactions.
- the metabolic pathways of energy release.
- the mechanisms of ATP production in aerobiosis and anaerobiosis.
- the regulation of cellular respiration.
6. Basic features of the flow of genetic information in living organisms. In particular, to be able to describe:
- the structure and function of chromosomes, mitosis and meiosis.
-the DNA: a macromolecular depository of the genetic information of living matter.
-RNA and protein synthesis: mechanisms that regulate gene expression.
- gene regulation: mechanisms that allow the control of gene expression.
7. Fundamental characteristics and the differences between living systems together with the most important principles of systematics. In particular, to be able to describe:
-Viruses and bacteria (bacteriophages, lithic reproductive cycle, temperate viruses, animal and plant viruses, viroids and prions, archaea bacteria and eubacteria).
Histology
Embryonic derivation, organization, structural and functional characteristics of human tissues.

Extended Syllabus

Human Anatomy
Locomotor system
Overview, classification and structure of bones. In a general manner and classification of the joints. n a general manner classification of muscles and tendons. Head: bones of the cranial box, bones of the massive facial. Trunk: vertebral column (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum and coccyx). Chest (ribs and sternum). Scapular girdle (scapula and clavicle) and scapulo-humeral articulation. Upper limb (humerus, radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpus and phalanges). Pelvic girdle (ileum, ischio and pubis) and coxo-femoral joint. Lower limb (femur, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsal and phalanges) and knee joint
Endocrine system
Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal: in a general manner.
Central nervous system
In a general manner: systematic, topographic, clinical radiological anatomy Spinal cord. Encephalous (brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, telencephalon)
Peripheral nervous system
Sympathetic System: Orthosympathetic and Parasympathetic
Cardiocirculatory system
Heart: location and topography. Structure and function of the valves. Functional anatomy of the circulatory system: arteries, veins and capillaries. The small circulation and the great circulation. Aorta and its primary branches of division.
Lymphatic system:
general characteristics of the lymphatic circulation. Lymph node stations of the head, neck, thorax, upper limb and lower limb. Main lymphatic trunks. Lymph nodes. Spleen: form, position, relationships and structure.
Respiratory system
Nose, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and pulmonary parenchyma. Pleure and respiratory mechanics
Digestive system
Vestibule of the mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and stomach. Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum), large intestine. Liver and biliary ways. Pancreas.
Urinary apparatus
Kidney, calyxes and renal pelvis. Ureters. Urinary bladder. Male and female urethra.
Male Genital System
Testicles. Spermatic ways. External genital organs.
Female Genital Apparatus
Ovary. Genital ways. External genital organs.
Endocrine system
Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal: in a general manner.
Applied Biology
1. Basic characteristics of living matter. In particular, to be able to describe:
- the general characteristics of the various living organisms
- the need for the existence of a flow of intracellular information between cells and between multicellular individuals.
-the theory of evolution as a unifying concept of biology.
- the importance in the biology of the hierarchical organization (classification system)
- the need for a continuous supply of energy in biological systems.
- the importance of acquiring a scientific method.
2. Basic characteristics of atoms and molecules that form the basis of the chemistry of life. In particular, to be able to describe:
- the structure of atoms, of the molecules and their respective ability to interact (chemical bonds and molecular interactions).
- the importance of water for carrying out vital functions.
-the chemical-physical and biological properties of organic macromolecules: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids.
3. Basic features of cellular organization. In particular, to be able to describe:
- the importance of cell theory.
- how to study the cellular structure.
-the differences and similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- structure and function of cell organelles.
- structure and function of the cytoskeleton.
-structure and function of the extracellular matrix.
4. Basic features of biological membranes. In particular, to be able to describe:
- the structure and functions that regulate the interaction between cells.
- passive and active transport mechanisms.
-the role and the various forms of junctions between cells.
5. Fundamental characteristics of the flow of energy through living organisms. In particular, to be able to describe:
- the principles of thermodynamics applied to biological systems.
- the structure and functions of enzymes.
- anabolic and catabolic reactions.
- energy transfer: redox reactions.
- the metabolic pathways of energy release.
- the mechanisms of ATP production in aerobiosis and anaerobiosis.
- the regulation of cellular respiration.
6. Basic features of the flow of genetic information in living organisms. In particular, to be able to describe:
- the structure and function of chromosomes, mitosis and meiosis.
-the DNA: a macromolecular depository of the genetic information of living matter.
-RNA and protein synthesis: mechanisms that regulate gene expression.
- gene regulation: mechanisms that allow the control of gene expression.
7. Fundamental characteristics and the differences between living systems together with the most important principles of systematics. In particular, to be able to describe:
-Viruses and bacteria (bacteriophages, lithic reproductive cycle, temperate viruses, animal and plant viruses, viroids and prions, archaea bacteria and eubacteria).
Histology
- Embryonic tissues derivation.
- Cellular differentiation and tissue regeneration.
- Stem cell.
- Epithelial Tissue: covering epithelial tissue, glandular epithelium (exocrine, endocrine).
- Connective Tissue: Proper Connective Tissue, Adipose Tissue, Support Connective Tissue (Cartilage and Bone), Blood and haemopoiesis.
- Muscle Tissue: striated muscular tissue (Skeletal and Cardiac), Smooth muscular tissue.
- Nervous Tissue

Recommended Bibliography

Human Anatomy
F.H. Martini . ANATOMIA UMANA. EdiSES
Applied Biology
Solomon et al, Fondamenti di Biologia, EdiSeS Editore, VII Ed. Napoli
Histology
Students can choose one among the following books:
Di Pietro ELEMENTI DI ISTOLOGIA Ed. EdiSES
Stevens A, Lowe J.-ISTOLOGIA UMANA Ed. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
Junqueira –Carneiro COMPENDIO DI ISTOLOGIA Ed. Piccin

Methods of Provision

Conventional

Teaching Methods

Frontal lessons stimulating interactivity through classroom discussion of the topics addressed.

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

Oral test
The students level of preparation will be verified through an exam that will focus exclusively on topics covered in the lectures (listed in detail in the extended program, see below).
Evaluation of the oral exam: each student will be asked questions on the topics listed in the program, aimed at ascertaining the coherence of the contents with the requested topic, the logical exposition and the level of detail.
Failure to respond appropriately to questions will result in failure to pass the exam.
The final grade will be expressed in thirtieths.
Rate out of thirty:
18-20: knowledge and understanding of the subject just enough with obvious and serious gaps.
21-23: knowledge and understanding of the subject fully sufficient even if there are obvious gaps.
24-26: good knowledge and understanding of the subject even if there are some gaps.
27-29: good knowledge and understanding of the subject with some minor inaccuracies.
30: excellent knowledge and understanding of the subject.
30 and praise: excellent knowledge and understanding of the subject and proven expository and communicative skills.

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree