BIOLOGY, ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY

Integrated educational activity

Course Sheet

Course code:

OST11A22

Academic Year of enrolment:

2022

Year of supply:

2022/2023

Degree:

Course of 1st Cycle Degree in MIDWIFERY

Moduls:

APPLIED BIOLOGY - 1 credits
HUMAN ANATOMY - 2 credits
HYSTOLOGY - 1 credits

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Cycle:

First semester

Hours of classroom activity:

Prerequisites:

As academic regulations

Objectives

Applied Biology
To educate to the "critical method" and to the discussion through the description of experiments; acquisition of knowledge of the structures and principles for the unity of the different biological units in their energy and informational logic
Human Anatomy
At the end of the course the student must have acquired a three-dimensional representation of the human body, and in its surface characteristics, and in its internal organization. The approach will be mainly of a systematic type, that is, based on the study of the individual systems and systems into which the human body can be divided and therefore of the organs and viscera that make up said systems and apparatuses. At the same time, the student will be provided with the basic notions for a topographical study of Human Anatomy, taking into account the large regions of the body in order to better evaluate the relationships between organs, viscera and connective devices in each territory. Organs and viscera will be considered in their macroscopic and microscopic structural characteristics as they appear after dissection of the corpse, after radiological examination and after observation of sections processed for optical microscopy. When necessary, ultrastructural aspects will also be taken into consideration. The acquisitions will finally be integrated with elements of functional anatomy and clinical anatomy to avoid a too sectorial view of the subject.
Histology
Obiettivi principali da raggiungere: conoscere ed essere in grado di descrivere ed illustrare attraverso la terminologia specifica, le caratteristiche principali delle cellule e dei tessuti in relazione alla loro attività.

Contents

Applied Biology
describe the organization of the cells;
- illustrate the structure of biological membranes and cell-environment interactions;
- describe the processes of mitosis, meiosis, phase duration and cell cycle regulation;
- as part of the structure of Nucleic Acids, illustrate the general characteristics of DNA. Describe the flow of genetic information from one cellular generation to another and describe the replication and repair of DNA. Describe the various levels of DNA organization in the cell. Illustrate the organization of the genome and extracellular DNA;
- to illustrate the general characteristics of the RNA knowing how to describe the flow of information within the cell, demonstrating to have understood the mechanisms of Transcription, of the Genetic Code, of the Protein Synthesis;
- regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- asexual and sexual reproduction. Spermatogenesis. Oogenesis. Fertilization
Human Anatomy
Starting from the INTRODUCTION TO SPLANCNOLOGY, the module deals with the study of the apparatuses and systems that make up the human body, with attention to the localization and relationships that the organs that make it take between them and with the surrounding structures hinting their functions.
Histology
Course contents provide the integrated knowledge of structural and ultrastructural morphology of different human tissues.

Extended Syllabus

Applied Biology
Nucleic acids - Cell organization: - Cell theory - Cell organization and dimensions - Cell study methods - Cells
prokaryotic and eukaryotic - Cell membranes - The cell nucleus - The cytoplasmic organelles - The cytoskeleton - The cellular coatings - The biological membranes: - The structure of biological membranes - The passage of materials through biological membranes - Passive transport - Active transport - Exocytosis and endocytosis - Cellular junctions - Cellular communication: - Cell signaling: an overview - Reception - Signal transduction - Signal responses - The evolution of cellular communication - Cell energetic processes: - Biological work - The laws of thermodynamics - Energy and metabolism - ATP, energy currency of the cell - The transfer of energy in redox rations - The transformation enzymes of aerobiosis and cellular anaerobiosis: - Redox reaction - The four stages of aerobic respiration - Anaerobic respiration and fermentation-The structure of the chromosomes and processes of mitosis and meiosis: - Eukaryotic chromosomes, The cell cycle and mitosis - The regulation of the cell cycle - Sexual reproduction and meiosis - The structure and replication of DNA: - The proof that DNA is the hereditary material - The structure of DNA - The replication of DNA - Gene expression: - The discovery of the gene-protein relationship- The transcription- The translation- The fraction of genetics under examination- Mutations-The mechanisms of gene regulation: - Gene regulation in bacteria and eukaryotes- - Viruses - Viroids and prions - The prokaryotes - The two prokaryotic domains - the asexual reproduction - spermatogenesis, ovogenesis, the fecundation
Human Anatomy
Central nervous system
In a general manner: systematic, topographic, clinical radiological anatomy Spinal cord. Encephalous (brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, telencephalon)
Peripheral nervous system
Sympathetic System: Orthosympathetic and Parasympathetic
Cardiocirculatory system
Heart: location and topography. Structure and function of the valves. Functional anatomy of the circulatory system: arteries, veins and capillaries. The small circulation and the great circulation. Aorta and its primary branches of division.
Lymphatic system:
general characteristics of the lymphatic circulation. Lymph node stations of the head, neck, thorax, upper limb and lower limb. Main lymphatic trunks. Lymph nodes. Spleen: form, position, relationships and structure.
Respiratory system
Nose, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and pulmonary parenchyma. Pleure and respiratory mechanics
Digestive system
Vestibule of the mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and stomach. Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum), large intestine. Liver and biliary ways. Pancreas.
Urinary apparatus
Kidney, calyxes and renal pelvis. Ureters. Urinary bladder. Male and female urethra.
Male Genital System
Testicles. Spermatic ways. External genital organs.
Female Genital Apparatus
Ovary. Genital ways. External genital organs.
Endocrine system
Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal: in a general manner.
Histology
- Cell structure.
- Cellular organelles and cytoskeleton.
- Extracellular matrix.
- Cell junctions.
- Active and passive transport mechanisms.
- Epithelial tissue.
- Exocrine and endocrine glandular epithelial tissue.
- Connective tissues.
- Cartilaginous tissue.
- Bone tissue.
- Hemopoietic and lymphatic tissue.
- Muscle tissue.
- Nervous tissue.
- Tissue embryological development (I-III week of development): Fertilization; Segmentation; Gastrulation; Embryonic

Recommended Bibliography

Applied Biology
Solomon et al, Biology, EdiSeS Editore, 2017
Human Anatomy
F.H. Martini . ANATOMIA UMANA. EdiSES
Histology
-Istologia per le lauree triennali e magistrail. Bani. Idelson-Gnocchi.
-Elementi di istologia e cenni di embriologia. Filippini. Piccin.
-Citologia ed Istologia. Dalle Donne. Edises.
-Junqueira istologia. Testo e atlante. Junqueira. Piccin.

Teaching Methods

Frontal lessons stimulating interactivity through classroom discussion of the topics addressed.

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

the multiple choice test is composed of 45 questions proportionally distributed for the 3 modules: applied biology 15, human anatomy 15 and histology 15. Essential requirement to pass the exam is to answer at least 50% of the questions of each single module . the vote is calculated by multiplying the number of correct answers for each individual module by two and calculating the weighted average. The questions are prepared by the teacher during the academic year of reference.
The outcome of the test is evaluated as a result of learning the specific training objectives. At the end of the test a judgment is formulated that can be summarized using bands of vote in thirtieths:
A) excellent knowledge and understanding of the subjects, reasoning skills and logical integration of the acquired knowledge and insertion in the context of a clinical application. Rating: 30/30.If at the same time the student demonstrates autonomy of judgment, high communication skills will be proposed with praise.
B) Good knowledge and understanding of the topics with some non-serious inaccuracies and with good capability for logical integration, judgment and application to clinical practice. Rating: 27-29 / 30
C) Discrete knowledge and understanding of the topics with some gaps in the ability to integrate and apply knowledge. Rating: 24-26 / 30
D) Knowledge and understanding of the arguments fully sufficient, although with some gaps, which are reflect in a reduced ability of integration and application. Rating: 21-23 / 30
E) Knowledge and understanding of the topics with obvious gaps. Just sufficient integrative and applicative skills of the concepts learned. Rating: 18-20 / 30
F) Knowledge and understanding of the topics with serious and obvious gaps, with limited integrative and applicative skills. Rating: Rejected To proceed to the weighted average the student must have passed all the modules in the same exam session

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree