BIOLOGY, ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY

Integrated educational activity

Course Sheet

Course code:

CRD11A3

Academic Year of enrolment:

2023

Year of supply:

2023/2024

Degree:

Course of 1st Cycle Degree in CARDIOCIRCULATORY AND CARDIOVASCULAR PERFUSION TECHNIQUES

Moduls:

APPLIED BIOLOGY - 2 credits
HUMAN ANATOMY - 3 credits
HISTOLOGY - 1 credits

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Cycle:

First semester

Hours of classroom activity:

Prerequisites:

APPLIED BIOLOGY
As academic regulations
HUMAN ANATOMY
To have completed the Additional Formation Offer (OFA) if indicated.
HISTOLOGY
In order to better understand the topics, students should have understood the fundamental notions of physics (osmosis, oncotic pressure, …), chemistry and fundamental notions of biochemistry (pH, chemicals bonds, type of ions and molecules), Biology and Genetic (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, glucides; enzymes; cell and cellular organelles,…)

Objectives

APPLIED BIOLOGY
To direct the student toward a "critical method" through the discussion of experiments in order to acquire knowledge of biological structures necessary to understand the different biological units and their functions.

HUMAN ANATOMY
At the end of the course the student must have acquired a three-dimensional representation of the human body, either in its surface characteristics, either in its internal organization. The approach will be mainly of a systematic type, that is, based on the study of the individual systems and systems into which the human body can be divided and therefore of the organs and viscera that make up said systems and apparatuses. At the same time, the student will be provided with the basic notions for a topographical study of Human Anatomy, taking into account the large regions of the body in order to better evaluate the relationships between organs, viscera and connective devices in each territory. Organs and viscera will be considered in their macroscopic and microscopic structural characteristics as they appear after dissection of the corpse, after radiological examination and after observation of sections processed for optical microscopy. When necessary, ultrastructural aspects will also be taken into consideration. The acquisitions will finally be integrated with elements of functional anatomy and clinical anatomy to avoid a too sectorial view of the subject.

HISTOLOGY
the acquisition of the basic information required to understand:
-human embryonic derivation, the concept of stem cell and differentiation;
-the knowledge of morpho-functional bases necessary to understand the microscopic organization of the different human tissues at cellular and subcellular level.

Contents

APPLIED BIOLOGY
The program of Applied Biology aims to:

- describe the biological macromolecules;
- illustrate the structure of biological membranes and cell-environment interactions;
- describe the processes of mitosis, meiosis, duration of the phases and regulation of the cell cycle;
- within the structure of the Nucleic Acids, to illustrate the general characteristics of the DNA. Describe the flow of genetic information from one cell generation to another and describe DNA replication and repair. Describe the various levels of DNA organization in the cell. To illustrate the organization of the genome and extracellular DNA;
- to illustrate the general characteristics of RNA, knowing how to describe the flow of information within the cell, demonstrating the mechanisms of Transcription, Genetic Code, and Protein Synthesis;
- regulation of Gene Expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- asexual and sexual reproduction.
-Spermatogenesis. Oogenesis. Fertilization

HUMAN ANATOMY
Starting from the INTRODUCTION TO SPLANCNOLOGY, the module deals with the study of the apparatuses and systems that make up the human body, with attention to the localization and relationships that the organs that make it take between them and with the surrounding structures hinting their functions.

HISTOLOGY
Embryonic derivation, organization, structural and functional characteristics of human tissues.

Extended Syllabus

APPLIED BIOLOGY:
The chemistry of life:
- Atoms and carbon molecules
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids
The organization of the cell:
- Cell theory
- The organization and size of the cell
- Cell study methods
- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- The cell nucleus
- The cytoplasmic organelles provided with a membrane
- The cytoskeleton
- Cellular coatings

Biological membranes:
- The structure of biological membranes
- The passage of materials through biological membranes
- Passive transport
- Active transport
- Exocytosis and endocytosis
- Cellular junctions

Cell communication:
- Cellular signaling: an overview
- Sending signals
- Reception
- Signal transduction
- Responses to signals
- The evolution of cellular communication
The processes of aerobiosis and cellular anaerobiosis:
- Redox reaction
- The four stages of aerobic respiration
- The energy yield of nutrients other than glucose
- Anaerobic respiration and fermentation

The structure of the chromosomes and the processes of mitosis and meiosis:
- Eukaryotic chromosomes
- The cell cycle and mitosis
- Cell cycle regulation
- Sexual reproduction and meiosis

DNA structure and replication:
- Evidence showing that DNA is the hereditary material
- The structure of DNA
- DNA replication
The gene expression:
- The discovery of the gene-protein relationship
- Information flow from DNA to proteins: an overview
- The transcription
- Translation
- Variation of gene expression in different organisms
- The concept of mutation
The mechanisms of gene regulation:
- Gene regulation in bacteria and eukaryotes: an overview
- Gene regulation in bacteria
- Gene regulation in eukaryotic cells
Viruses and subviral agents:
- Status and structure of viruses
- Virus classification
- Viral replication
-Viruses and diseases
- Virus evolution
- Subviral agents
HUMAN ANATOMY
Locomotor system
Overview, classification and structure of bones. In a general manner and classification of the joints. n a general manner classification of muscles and tendons. Head: bones of the cranial box, bones of the massive facial. Trunk: vertebral column (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum and coccyx). Chest (ribs and sternum). Scapular girdle (scapula and clavicle) and scapulo-humeral articulation. Upper limb (humerus, radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpus and phalanges). Pelvic girdle (ileum, ischio and pubis) and coxo-femoral joint. Lower limb (femur, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsal and phalanges) and knee joint
Endocrine system
Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal: in a general manner.
Central nervous system
In a general manner: systematic, topographic, clinical radiological anatomy Spinal cord. Encephalous (brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, telencephalon)
Peripheral nervous system
Sympathetic System: Orthosympathetic and Parasympathetic
Cardiocirculatory system
Heart: location and topography. Structure and function of the valves. Functional anatomy of the circulatory system: arteries, veins and capillaries. The small circulation and the great circulation. Aorta and its primary branches of division.
Lymphatic system:
general characteristics of the lymphatic circulation. Lymph node stations of the head, neck, thorax, upper limb and lower limb. Main lymphatic trunks. Lymph nodes. Spleen: form, position, relationships and structure.
Respiratory system
Nose, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and pulmonary parenchyma. Pleure and respiratory mechanics
Digestive system
Vestibule of the mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and stomach. Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum), large intestine. Liver and biliary ways. Pancreas.
Urinary apparatus
Kidney, calyxes and renal pelvis. Ureters. Urinary bladder. Male and female urethra.
Male Genital System
Testicles. Spermatic ways. External genital organs.
Female Genital Apparatus
Ovary. Genital ways. External genital organs.
Endocrine system
Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal: in a general manner.

HISTOLOGY
- Embryonic tissues derivation.
- Cellular differentiation and tissue regeneration.
- Stem cell.
- Epithelial Tissue: covering epithelial tissue, glandular epithelium (exocrine, endocrine).
- Connective Tissue: Proper Connective Tissue, Adipose Tissue, Support Connective Tissue (Cartilage and Bone), Blood and haemopoiesis.
- Muscle Tissue: striated muscular tissue (Skeletal and Cardiac), Smooth muscular tissue.
- Nervous Tissue

Gender differences will be adressed as part of programme

Teaching Methods

Frontal lessons stimulating interactivity through classroom discussion of the topics addressed.

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

APPLIED BIOLOGY:
The evaluation of the student includes an oral exam, which will serve to demonstrate the knowledge of the program carried out, the logic followed by the student in the resolution of the questions asked and the adequacy of the language, at the end a mark will be attributed expressed in thirtieths.
HUMAN ANATOMY
the multiple choice test is composed of 45 questions. Essential requirement to pass the exam is to answer at least 50% of the questions. the vote is calculated by multiplying the number of correct answers by two and calculating the weighted average. The questions are prepared by the teacher during the academic year of reference.

HISTOLOGY
Oral test
The students level of preparation will be verified through an exam that will focus exclusively on topics covered in the lectures (listed in detail in the extended program, see below).
Evaluation of the oral exam: each student will be asked questions on the topics listed in the program, aimed at ascertaining the coherence of the contents with the requested topic, the logical exposition and the level of detail.
Failure to respond appropriately to questions will result in failure to pass the exam.
The final grade will be expressed in thirtieths.
Rate out of thirty:
18-20: knowledge and understanding of the subject just enough with obvious and serious gaps.
21-23: knowledge and understanding of the subject fully sufficient even if there are obvious gaps.
24-26: good knowledge and understanding of the subject even if there are some gaps.
27-29: good knowledge and understanding of the subject with some minor inaccuracies.
30: excellent knowledge and understanding of the subject.
30 and praise: excellent knowledge and understanding of the subject and proven expository and communicative skills.

THE FINAL MARK WILL BE THE AVERAGE OF THE MARKS FOR EACH MODULE

Contacts/More Information

APPLIED BIOLOGY:
Prof. Caterina Pipino CAST, Room 429, Tel 0871-541413 email: caterina.pipino@unich.it
The prof. meets the students EVERY WEDNESDAY FROM 11.30 TO 13.30
HUMAN ANATOMY
Student receiving: Tuesday from 11.00 up to 14.00 or by telephone appointment at the CAST
Via Polacchi 11/13 Chieti Scalo
Tel. 0871-541394
e-mail laura.pierdomenico@unich.it

HISTOLOGY
Student receiving:
Thursday from 14.30 up to 16.30 or at the sezione di Biomorfologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell’Invecchiamento, Palazzina D livello 1, Università G. d’Annunzio
Tel. 0871 3554513
e-mail: s.sancilio@unich.it

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree