The first part of the course will be devoted to helping students understand the importance of history as a vehicle not only for knowledge but also as a critical and civic tool for living the present in an informed way.
In the second part, an effort will be made to acquaint students with the tools and methods of historians' work, in order to understand what is "behind" the teaching.
The third part of the course will provide a brief but critical and interpretative overview of the most relevant issues in contemporary history, from the French Revolution at the end of the eighteenth century to the beginning of the twenty-first century, exploring, among other things, the links between the historical acceleration of the last two centuries or so and the current times that students find themselves living.
In the fourth part, the monographic section of the course will focus on one of the great historical issues of contemporary Europe: the (controversial) relationship between Power and the People, between political leaders and mass consensus, which, from the end of the 18th century to the present day, characterises political modernity and the clash/encounter between various models of democracy and anti-democratic regimes.
The historical evolution of this decisive path will be explained using a comparative method across different European realities (for example in France, Italy, Germany, Spain, Portugal). Particular reference will be made to the nature, theory and practices of the 'plebiscite', one of the main means by which Power, throughout contemporary Europe, comes into contact with its popular consensus base, i.e. with its indispensable constituent element stemming from the modern politics that started with the French Revolution of 1789 and emerged in both democratic and dictatorial (and even totalitarian) European historical experiences
Please note that non-attending students and students who are required to undertake 9 CFUs as elective courses must add the study of an additional essay
[for which see the "reference texts" section].